Rocks and Soils

There are three main types of rock.

1. Igneous Rock

Formed from cooled lava or magma. Example: Granite (hard, speckled), Obsidian (black, glassy).

2. Sedimentary Rock

Formed from layers of sediment pressed together over millions of years. Example: Sandstone, Limestone, Chalk.

3. Metamorphic Rock

Formed when other rocks are squashed and heated deep underground. Example: Marble (from limestone), Slate.

What is Soil?

Soil is made from broken down rocks, dead plants and animals (organic matter/humus), water, air, and living things.

Activity: Rock Hunt

Go outside and collect different rocks. Sort them by colour, texture (smooth or rough), and hardness.

Fun Facts

• The oldest rocks on Earth are about 4 billion years old!
• Fossils are usually found in sedimentary rocks