Multiplication as Repeated Addition

Multiplication is a shortcut for adding the same number again and again.

What Does 3 x 4 Mean?

3 x 4 means 3 groups of 4. We can write it as repeated addition: 4 + 4 + 4 = 12. So 3 x 4 = 12.

Examples

1. 5 x 2 = 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 10
2. 3 x 3 = 3 + 3 + 3 = 9
3. 4 x 2 = 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 8

Activity: Arrays

Draw arrays to show multiplication. An array is a grid of objects arranged in rows and columns.

Practice Problems

1. 2 x 5 = ___
2. 4 x 3 = ___
3. 5 x 2 = ___
4. 3 x 3 = ___
5. 2 x 8 = ___

Tips for Parents

• Use real objects (buttons, pebbles) to make groups
• Draw arrays on paper
• Connect to the 2, 5, and 10 times tables